The phi X 174 (or phi X) bacteriophage was the first DNA-based genome to be sequenced. This work was completed by Fred Sanger and his team in 1977. In 1962, Walter Fiers had already demonstrated the physical, covalently closed circularity of phi X 174 DNA.This phage has a very small amount of DNA. Phi X has 11 genes in 5386 bases (it is single stranded) in a circular topology; several of these genes express similar function in two groups. The GC-content is 44% and 95% of nucleotides are coding genes.
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