Macrophage phagocytosis of micro-organisms is important in host immunity and activated macrophages kill ingested pathogens by production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen metabolites. Medically important pathogens including the mycobacteria which cause tuberculosis and leprosy evade immune destruction by surviving inside the macrophage. Survival of pathogens in macrophages is central to the pathogenesis and tissue injury in these important human diseases.
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