BioSolutions

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry, allowing the analysis of biomolecules (biopolymers such as...

The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptors are a group of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) found in the...

Noradrenaline (BAN) (abbreviated NA or NAd) or norepinephrine (INN) (abbreviated norepi or NE) is a catecholamine with dual roles as a...

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs) are a class of compounds typically used as antidepressants in the treatment...

Bioenergetics is the subject of a field of biochemistry that concerns energy flow through living systems. This is an active area...

...

Ralph Horwitz, MD, professor of medicine at Stanford discusses how measurement can both strengthen and weaken clinical science and care. Often...

DNA polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the polymerization of deoxyribonucleotides into a DNA strand. DNA polymerases are best-known for their...

...

...

EF-Tu (elongation factor thermo unstable) mediates the entry of the aminoacyl tRNA into a free site of the ribosome. EF-Tu functions...

A mitochondrion contains outer and inner membranes composed of phospholipid bilayers and proteins. The two membranes, however, have different properties. Because...

Zinc fingers are small protein domains that can coordinate one or more zinc ions to help stabilize their folds. They can...

Lysozymes, also known as muramidase or N-acetylmuramide glycanhydrolase, are a family of enzymes (EC 3.2.1.17) which damage bacterial cell walls by...

Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) is a protein cells use to repair genetic injuries naturally. But cancer cells also use this protein...

Alpha helix (α-helix) is a right- or left-handed coiled conformation, resembling a spring, in which every backbone N-H group donates a...

Photosystem I is a proteinaceous transmembrane structure composed of several proteins and embedded with pigment molecules. This structure is located inside...

...

In cyclic electron flow, the electron begins in a pigment complex called photosystem I, passes from the primary acceptor to plastoquinone,...

...

Chemiosmotic phosphorylation is the third pathway that produces ATP from inorganic phosphate and an ADP molecule. This process is part of...

Non-cyclic photo- phosphorylation,cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stoma to the lumen. The...

In constitutive secretion Proteins are continuously secreted from the cell regardless of environmental factors. No external signals are needed to initiate...

...

Disulfide bonds play an important role in the folding and stability of some proteins, usually proteins secreted to the extracellular medium....

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad-cow disease (MCD), is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease in cattle, that causes a spongy...

Recycling is important not only on a global scale, but also at the cellular level, since key molecules tend to be...

Comparison of two states of bacterial ribosome, either with fMet - tRNA bound or with elongation factor EF-G bound reveals the...

Polyribosomes (or polysomes) are a cluster of ribosomes, bound to a mRNA molecule, first discovered and characterized by Jonathan Warner, Paul...

An Laser tweezer is a scientific instrument that uses a focused laser beam to provide an attractive or repulsive force (typically...

Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Symptoms of depression are often subtle and unrecognized both by patients and...

Aspartate carbamoyltransferase (also known as ATCase or aspartate transcarbamoylase) catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway. Enzyme is a...

Integral membrane proteins often contain proline residues in their presumably alpha-helical transmembrane segments. This is in marked contrast to globular proteins,...

Glucose (Glc), a monosaccharide (or simple sugar) also known as grape sugar, blood sugar, or corn sugar, is a very important...

Lymphocyte "homing" process disperses the immunologic repertoire, directs lymphocyte subsets to the specialized microenvironments that control their differentiation and regulate their...

Neutrophils are white blood cells, which hunt and kill bacteria In this video neutrophil can be seen in the mist of...

Cytokines are a category of signaling molecules that are used extensively in cellular communication. They are proteins, peptides, or glycoproteins. The...

Lipids are a broad group of naturally-occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E...

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) denotes an optical technique capable of quantifying the two dimensional lateral diffusion of a molecularity thin...

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a monomeric immunoglobulin, built of two heavy chains γ and two light chains. Each IgG has two...

Myoglobin is a single-chain globular protein of 153 amino acids, containing a heme (iron-containing porphyrin) prosthetic group in the center around...

Uptake of bacteria by phagocytes is an active process, which requires triggering of specific receptors on phagocytes.Fc receptor, which binds antibody-coated...

...

...

In the initial stage of immune response, the innate immune system recognizes the presence of pathogens and provides the first line...

Apoptosis in T cells and other cells can be activated through cell surface receptors called FAS,Fas are member of TNF receptor...

The Mitogen activated Protein kinase pathway or MAP kinase pathway is a key signaling pathway by which cell responds to external...

In this video, we can see a T cell becomes activated when its interact with Dendritic cells (DCs).The T cell is...

...

...